At present, there is no cure for diabetes, and it can only be treated by controlling blood sugar. Aiming at the early, middle and late stages of diabetes, the patients are basically treated according to the path of "lifestyle intervention → oral hypoglycemic drugs → injection of insulin". According to the mechanism of action, the treatment of diabetes drugs can be divided into two categories: hypoglycemic drugs and insulin injections, and hypoglycemic drugs are divided into biguanides, insulin secretagogues, α-glycosidase inhibitors, insulin sensitizers and intestinal stimulants There are five major categories of insulin. The details are shown in the figure below: Diabetes is mainly treated with oral drugs, of which there are many kinds of oral drugs, which are mainly suitable for patients with pre- and mid-stage diabetes. The patient population using insulin is relatively small, and the cost is quite high compared to oral medications, and it is mainly used for the treatment of patients with advanced diabetes.

The E2HSA product developed by the company belongs to incretin drugs, specifically GLP-1 drugs, and is currently a hot spot for research on anti-diabetic drugs. GLP-1 receptor agonists play the role of lowering blood sugar by stimulating GLP-1 receptors. Currently, the main products on the market are Exenatide and Liraglutide. Exenatide is a new therapy for type II diabetes that has been harvested and approved worldwide. It is listed by the World Health Organization as a new drug for the treatment of diabetes in addition to oral hypoglycemic drugs and insulin injections. It has been listed in the American Diabetes Association and Europe. The Diabetes Association's consensus on the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Early stage diabetes patients are mainly treated with a single-drug oral treatment with metformin; mid-stage patients have difficulty in controlling blood glucose levels within a reasonable range with a single drug, so they usually take metformin combined with GLP-1 receptor agonists or other drugs for combined treatment; later stage patients’ conditions In severe cases, the function of pancreatic islet β-cells in the body is severely damaged, and insulin or GLP-1 receptor agonists are generally used for treatment.